Arvid Lindau (23 July 1892 – 1958) was a Swedish pathologist born in Malmö.
During his career he published more than forty papers on pathology, neurology, and bacteriology. At the Institute of Pathological Anatomy in Lund he wrote an important thesis titled Studien über Kleinhirncysten. Bau, Pathogenese und Beziehungen zur Angiomatosae retinae, in which he described the relationship between cerebellar cysts and their correlation to tumors (angiomata) of the retina.
In 1926, Lindau was the first to describe a coherent link between the retinal, cerebellar and visceral components of a disease he called "angiomatosis of the central nervous system". This disease is characterized by tumors of the retina and the brain, along with cysts of several visceral organs such as the kidneys, pancreas, and adrenal glands. Lindau's research soon attracted the attention of famed neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, who named the disorder, "Lindau's disease". However it wasn't until 1964, that early 20th century research conducted by ophthalmologist Eugen von Hippel on retinal angiomata became more apparent. Today the disease is named after both men, and is called Von Hippel-Lindau disease.